Table 4.
Summary of some biochemical studies were done in order to characterizing the mechanisms of temephos resistance in different vector species
| Species | Year | Country | insecticide | Main mechanism of resistance | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Culex quinquefasciatus | 1990 | Srilanka | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß) | Peiris and Hemingway 1990 |
| Anopheles albimanus | 1998 | Mexico | Organophosphate | PNPA-estrase and MFO | Penilla et al. 1998 |
| Aedes aegypti | 2003 | Thailand | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß | Paeporn et al. 2003 |
| Aedes aegypti | 2005 | Thailand | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß) | Saelim et al. 2005 |
| Aedes aegypti | 2007 | Brazil | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß), PNPA estrase and GST (only in north-east strain of Brazil) | Montella et al. 2007 |
| Aedes aegypti | 2010 | Brazil | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß) and GST | Melo-Santosa et al. 2010 |
| Aedes aegypti | 2011 | Trinidad | Temephos | General esterase (α and ß), GST, MFO and AChE | Polson 2011 |
| Anopheles stephensi | 2013 | Iran | Temephos | α-EST, GST and AChE | This study |