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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2015 Jul;27(4):326–332. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000179

Table 2.

Associations of systemic factors and radiographic progression.

Study Heiland 2012[20] Appel 2009 [21] Poddubnyy 2014 [23•] Bey-Jensen 2013 [25] Syrbe 2014 [26]
Biomarker Functional DKK-1 Sclerostin VEGF VICM Visfatin
Patient group AS AS axSpA AS AS
Definition of radiographic progression new syndesmophyte formation or new bridging new syndesmophyte formation or new bridging new syndesmophyte formation or new bridging new syndesmophyte or mSASSS change > 0 new syndesmophyte formation
Nprogressor; Ntotal 12;49 15;46 18;172 NA;115 22;86
Level in progressors* 4.13 ± 2.10 pg/ml NA 579.4 ± 385.6 pg/ml NA 37.1 ± 55.3 ng/ml
Level in nonprogressors* 6.78 ± 5.48 pg/ml NA 404.3 ± 306.8 pg/ml NA 15.3 ± 44.8 ng/ml
p 0.002 0.007 0.041 0.0005 0.0023
*

Values are mean ± standard deviation

DKK-1: Dickkopf-1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VICM: vimentin; AS: ankylosing spondylitis; axSpA: axial spondyloarthritis; Nprogressor: number of patients who had radiographic progression; Ntotal: total number of patients included in the analysis.