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. 2015 Jun 24;5:11497. doi: 10.1038/srep11497

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(A) Cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ level was determined by flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM. (B) Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ level was determined by flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe Rhod-2 AM. (C) Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. (D) Distribution of Ca²⁺ in cell was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Data are presented as means ± SD of three separate experiments. *p < 0.05 as compared to control; ^#p < 0.05 as compared to heat stress (HS) alone.