Table 1.

Longitudinal studies evaluating the association between enterovirus infection and autoimmunity/type 1 diabetes mellitus

Study	Enterovirus infection and autoimmunity/T1DM	Cases/controls	Infection diagnose method	End point	Ref.
DiMe	+	22/110	Antibody assays	Diabetes	[65]
DiMe	+	49/105	EV RNA in serum	Diabetes	[66]
DIPP	+	21/104	Antibody assays; EV RNA in serum and stool-RT-PCR	Autoimmunity	[67]
DIPP	+	41/196	Antibody assays; EV RNA in serum-RT-PCR	Autoimmunity	[68]
TRIGR	+	19/84	Antibody assays; EV RNA in serum-RT-PCR	Autoimmunity	[69]
BABYDIAB	-	28/51	Antibody assays	Autoimmunity	[70]
Babydiet	-	22/82	EV RNA in stool	Autoimmunity	[71]
DAISY	-	26/39	EV RNA in serum, saliva and rectal swab-RT-PCR	Autoimmunity	[72]
DAISY	+	50/90	EV RNA in serum	Diabetes	[73]
MIDIA	-	27/53	EV RNA in stool-RT-PCR	Autoimmunity	[74]

EV RNA: Enterovirus RNA; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; DiMe: Diuretics In the Management of Essential Hypertension; DIPP: Department of industrial policy and promotion; TRIGR: Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk; DAISY: Diabetes and Autoimmunity Study in the Young.