Table 2.

Quality analysis of included studies, detailing strengths and limitations of each

Ref.	Title	Strengths	Limitations
Stanley et al[25]	Congenital malformations in infants of mothers with diabetes and epilepsy in Western Australia, 1980-1982	Large sample size	Retrospective cohort study
			Only one outcome measure (congenital malformations)
			Low number of Indigenous women with DIP
			Time period may not be relevant to modern era
Bower et al[24]	Birth defects in the infants of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers with diabetes in Western Australia	Large sample size	Retrospective cohort study
			Only one outcome measure (birth defects)
			Low number of Indigenous women with DIP
Blair[23]	Why do Aboriginal newborns weigh less? Determinants of birth weight for gestation	Large sample size	Retrospective cohort study
			DIP outcomes not main focus of paper
Sharpe et al[22]	Maternal Diabetes and Congenital Anomalies in South Australia 1986-2000: A Population-Based Cohort Study	Large sample size	Retrospective cohort study
			Only one outcome measure (congenital anomalies)
			Comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic with ethnic background as secondary comparator
Davis et al[28]	Maternal and neonatal outcomes following diabetes in pregnancy in Far North Queensland, Australia	Study question aligned with our study question, i.e., outcomes of DIP in Australian Aboriginal women	Retrospective cohort study Low number of Indigenous women with DIP
		Large sample size
Falhammar et al[19]	Maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Torres Strait Islands with a sixfold increase in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy over six years	Assessment and comparison between two time periods	Retrospective cohort study
			No comparison with non-Indigenous women
			Low number of Indigenous women with DIP
Porter et al[26]	What is the impact of diabetes for Australian Aboriginal women when pregnant?	Study question mirrors ours	Retrospective cohort study
		Large sample size spanning 7 yr
Davis et al[29]	A threefold increase in gestational diabetes over two years: Review of screening practices and pregnancy outcomes in Indigenous women of Cape York, Australia	Comprehensive analysis of outcomes in Indigenous women with DIP	Retrospective cohort study
			No comparison with non-Indigenous women
			Low number of Indigenous women with DIP

DIP: Diabetes in pregnancy.