Skip to main content
. 2015 May 14;6:7148. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8148

Figure 2. Convergent cross-mapping (CCM) results for climate forcing on ANPP across treatments.

Figure 2

(a–c) Cross-mapping of total above-ground net primary production (ANPP) versus climate variables. (d–f) Cross-mapping of grass ANPP versus climate variables. (g–i) Cross-mapping of forb ANPP versus climate variables. Significant causal coupling of climate and ANPP is indicated by increasing correlation (ρ) between predicted and observed values with increasing time series length (L, years). Significant cross-mapping was found for snowfall (light blue), late-summer rain (dark blue), September temperature (dark orange) and the regional PDSI (light orange). Confidence bands (95%) represent uncertainty in CCM resulting from imputation of missing values.