Figure 3. IEL supernatant (SN) protects epithelial cells from virus infection in culture.

(a) MODE-K cells were infected with decreasing concentrations of EMCV (encephalomyocarditis virus). Starting with an MOI of 5 (3 × 10⁵ virus particles (leftmost)) a serial fourfold dilution was made along the row. Before infection SN of unstimulated or activated cultured IEL was added to the indicated rows. Recombinant IFNα (500 U ml⁻¹) was added as a control. (b) A similar experiment was performed as in a, but in addition to adding IEL SN to MODE-K cells before infection, blocking antibodies against IFNAR1 and/or IFNγ and TNF were added to IEL SN and then added to the MODE-K cells. Data are representative of three or six rows for each condition in a and b. (c) Quantification of data in b, significance was calculated by two-tailed unpaired t-test with Welch's correction, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.