Figure 6. Activation of IEL is protective against murine norovirus (MNV) in vivo.

C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with MNV-O7, without pre-treatment (no label), or 8 h after treating mice i.p. with anti-CD3 antibodies or the isotype control IgG (ITC). 40 h after infection, the organs were isolated and assayed for live virus (TCID₅₀) (a) or analysed by qRT–PCR for the presence of viral RNA (b). Uninfected mice were used as controls (−). Virus copy numbers were estimated based on a standard curve, and then normalized for the amount of tissue section taken by normalizing to expression of a house-keeping gene (TBP) (b). Each point represents an individual animal, and statistical significance between columns was determined by two-tailed unpaired t-test (Kolmogorov–Smirnov method). *P<0.05, **P<0.01. See also Supplementary Fig. 6.