The domain organization of subfamily 1 receptors (ETR1 and ERS1) and subfamily 2 receptors (ETR2, EIN4, and ERS2) in A. thaliana is shown. The N-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMs) are indicated by green boxes. The N-proximal Cys residues that are required for the dimerization of receptors are indicated by the vertical yellow bars. The Cys and His residues of TM II required for ethylene binding are indicated by the vertical red bars. The GAF, His kinase (HK), and receiver domains are indicated according to the key. Yellow asterisks indicate the conserved motifs of the HK domain (H, N, G1, F, and G2) and the conserved aspartate and lysine residues of the receiver domain. The vertical white bars indicate intron position but not intron length. EIN, ethylene insensitive; ERS, ethylene response sensor; ETR, ethylene response; GAF; cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases, adenylyl cyclases and FhlA; His, histidine.