Table 2.

Associations of Physician-Diagnosed Sleep Apnea, Self-Reported Habitual Snoring, and Other Potential Confounders or Mediators With Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Overall Sleep Cohort (Multivariate Models), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2000–2011

Variable	Model 1a		Model 2b		Model 3c		Model 4d
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Age, years	1.09e	1.07, 1.11	1.08e	1.06, 1.10	1.08e	1.06, 1.10	1.08e	1.06, 1.10
Male sex	2.03e	1.44, 2.93	2.11e	1.50, 2.98	2.12e	1.50, 2.98	2.02e	1.43, 2.86
Black race/ethnicity	0.47e	0.32, 0.69	0.47e	0.32, 0.68	0.46e	0.32, 0.67	0.46e	0.32, 0.68
Hispanic race/ethnicity	0.55e	0.34, 0.88	0.53e	0.33, 0.86	0.53e	0.33, 0.86	0.55e	0.34, 0.89
Body mass indexf	1.03	1.00, 1.06	1.02	0.99, 1.05	1.01	0.98, 1.05	1.01	0.98, 1.04
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	1.01	1.00, 1.01	1.01	1.00, 1.01	1.01	1.00, 1.01	1.01	1.00, 1.01
Use of antihypertensive agents	1.60e	1.20, 2.16	1.59e	1.18, 2.13	1.58e	1.18, 2.12	1.55e	1.15, 2.08
Use of lipid-lowering agents	0.63e	0.44, 0.93	0.65e	0.45, 0.95	0.65e	0.45, 0.96	0.65e	0.44, 0.95
Chronic kidney disease	1.47e	1.03, 2.11	1.46e	1.02, 2.09	1.48e	1.03, 2.12	1.43e	1.00, 2.05
Log interleukin-6, pg/mL			1.44e	1.14, 1.82	1.44e	1.14, 1.82	1.41e	1.12, 1.79
Electrocardiographic LAE					1.32	0.94, 1.85	1.33	0.95, 1.86
Interim CHD or heart failure							3.04e	2.04, 4.53
Habitual snoring	1.02	0.72, 1.44	1.02	0.72, 1.44	1.02	0.72, 1.45	1.08	0.76, 1.54
Sleep apnea	1.76e	1.03, 3.02	1.74e	1.01, 2.99	1.67	0.97, 2.88	1.52	0.88, 2.63

Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; LAE, left atrial enlargement.

^a Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, health insurance status, educational level, body mass index, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, alcohol intake status, use of antihypertensive agents, and use of lipid-lowering agents.

^b Additionally adjusted for log interleukin-6.

^c Additionally adjusted for electrocardiographic LAE.

^d Additionally adjusted for interim CHD or heart failure events.

^e P < 0.05.

^f Weight (kg)/height (m)².