Table 4.
Impacts of climate change and socio-economic scenarios on ecosystem services at the European scale
| Food provision food production (1,000 s of KCal capita−1 day−1) | Water provision water Exploitation Index (no units) | Timber provision annual forest yield from managed forests (Mt) | Atmospheric regulation carbon sequestration (Mt/year) | Landscape experience land not managed for provisioning services (%) | Land use diversity Shannon index of land use | Forest biodiversity existence/bequest biodiversity vulnerability index (no units) | Arable biodiversity existence/bequest biodiversity vulnerability index (no units) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Europe, 1990) | 13.2 | 0.12 | 262 | 7,453 | 34 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Extreme climate (2050s) | 13.0 | 0.17 | 294 | 9,246 | 46 | 0.47 | −0.40 | −0.29 |
| Extreme climate & WRW | 14.6 | 0.12 | 281 | 9,439 | 45 | 0.45 | −0.40 | −0.31 |
| Extreme climate & SoG | 15.2 | 0.21 | 167 | 5,150 | 40 | 0.51 | −0.44 | −0.16 |
| Moderate climate (2050s) | 12.9 | 0.14 | 269 | 8,719 | 46 | 0.46 | −0.23 | −0.17 |
| Moderate climate & WRW | 14.6 | 0.09 | 269 | 9,090 | 45 | 0.44 | −0.23 | −0.18 |
| Moderate climate & SoG | 15.2 | 0.17 | 198 | 5,679 | 39 | 0.51 | −0.24 | −0.09 |