Table 2.
Use of a complementary/alternative medicine practitioner (CAM) by low-risk pregnant women in primary midwifery care (N = 1500)
| Consultation of a CAM practitioner | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| Background characteristics | N = 1500 (%) | N = 141 (9.4) | N = 1359 (90.6) |
| Age | |||
| ≤20 | 14 (0.9) | 1 (0.7) | 13 (1.0) |
| 21–35 | 1283 (85.6) | 118 (83.7) | 1165 (85.7) |
| ≥36 | 202 (13.5) | 22 (15.6) | 180 (13.3) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Native Dutch | 1327 (88.6) | 121 (85.8) | 1206 (88.9) |
| Non-Western | 65 (4.3) | 6 (4.3) | 59 (4.3) |
| Western Non-Dutch | 106 (7.1) | 14 (9.9) | 92 (6.8) |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married or living together | 1467 (97.8) | 137 (97.2) | 1330 (97.9) |
| Living alone | 33 (2.2) | 4 (2.8) | 29 (2.1) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Occupation | |||
| Employed | 1264 (84.3) | 117 (83.0) | 1147 (84.4) |
| Unemployed | 220 (14.7) | 22 (15.6) | 198 (14.6) |
| Disabled | 16 (1.1) | 2 (1.4) | 14 (1.0) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Educational level | |||
| Low | 164 (10.9) | 11 (7.8) | 153 (11.3) |
| Middle | 508 (33.9) | 42 (29.8) | 466 (34.3) |
| High | 828 (55.2) | 88 (62.4) | 740 (54.4) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intended place of delivery | |||
| Hospital/Birth centre midwifery-led | 856 (57.1) | 85 (60.3) | 771 (56.7) |
| Hospital consultant-led | 19 (1.3) | 3 (2.1) | 16 (1.2) |
| Home | 625 (41.7) | 53 (37.6) | 572 (42.1) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Religion | |||
| No | 845 (57.2) | 84 (60.0) | 761 (57.0) |
| Yes | 631 (42.8) | 56 (40.0) | 575 (43.0) |
| Missing | 24 | 1 | 23 |
| Basic and supplementary health care insurance | |||
| Basic and supplementary | 1307 (87.4) | 134 (95.0) | 1173 (86.6) |
| Basic | 188 (12.6) | 7 (5.0) | 181 (13.4) |
| Missing | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Net household incomea | |||
| > €2000 | 1082 (72.2) | 110 (78.0) | 972 (71.6) |
| < €2000 | 170 (11.3) | 11 (7.8) | 159 (11.7) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Consultation of a CAM practitioner | Yes | No | |
| Accessibility of care (phone) | |||
| Problems | 252 (16.8) | 25 (17.7) | 227 (16.7) |
| No problems | 1248 (83.2) | 116 (82.3) | 1132 (83.3) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Accessibility of care (getting to and from the practice) | |||
| Problems | 65 (4.3) | 6 (4.3) | 59 (4.3) |
| No problems | 1435 (95.7) | 135 (95.7) | 1300 (95.7) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| General self-rated health | |||
| Excellent/Very good | 538 (35.9) | 45 (31.9) | 493 (36.3) |
| Bad/Fair | 181 (12.1) | 35 (24.8) | 146 (10.7) |
| Good | 781 (52.1) | 61 (43.3) | 720 (53.0) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Quality of life (EuroQol) | |||
| Poor health status | 313 (20.9) | 44 (31.2) | 269 (19.8) |
| Good health status | 1187 (79.1) | 97 (68.8) | 1090 (80.2) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chronic illnesses or handicaps | |||
| Yes | 127 (8.5) | 23 (16.3) | 104 (7.7) |
| No | 1373 (91.5) | 118 (83.7) | 1255 (92.3) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PRAQ-Child | |||
| Fear | 508 (33.9) | 50 (35.5) | 458 (33.8) |
| No fear | 989 (66.1) | 91 (64.5) | 898 (66.2) |
| Missing | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| PRAQ-Delivery | |||
| Fear | 19 (1.3) | 3 (2.1) | 16 (1.2) |
| No fear | 1480 (98.7) | 138 (97.9) | 1342 (98.8) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| PRAQ-Body | |||
| Fear | 418 (27.9) | 43 (31.9) | 373 (27.5) |
| No fear | 1079 (72.1) | 96 (68.1) | 983 (72.5) |
| Missing | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Planned and wantedness of pregnancyb | |||
| Wanted, not planned | 231 (15.4) | 24 (17.1) | 207 (15.2) |
| Planned and wanted | 1268 (84.6) | 117 (83.3) | 1151 (84.4) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| BMI | |||
| ≤18.5 | 40 (2.7) | 6 (4.3) | 34 (2.5) |
| 25- < 30 | 274 (18.3) | 26 (18.4) | 248 (18.2) |
| ≥30 | 72 (4.8) | 5 (3.5) | 67 (4.9) |
| 18.5- < 25 | 1017 (67.8) | 96 (68.1) | 921 (67.8) |
| Missing | 97 | 8 | 89 |
| Parity | |||
| Primi/multiparous | 653 (43.5) | 58 (41.1) | 595 (43.8) |
| Nulliparous | 847 (56.5) | 83 (58.9) | 764 (56.2) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Difference between number of pregnancies and number of births | |||
| ≥2 | 359 (24.2) | 38 (27.1) | 321 (23.8) |
| 1 | 1127 (75.8) | 102 (72.9) | 1025 (76.2) |
| Missing | 14 | 1 | 13 |
| Locus of control | |||
| No | 174 (11.6) | 13 (9.2) | 161 (11.9) |
| Yes | 1325 (88.4) | 128 (90.8) | 1197 (88.1) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Folic acid use | |||
| No | 110 (7.3) | 9 (6.4) | 101 (7.4) |
| Yes, inadequately | 683 (45.6) | 70 (49.6) | 613 (45.2) |
| Yes, adequately | 705 (47.1) | 62 (44.0) | 643 (47.4) |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 108 (7.2) | 17 (12.1) | 91 (6.7) |
| No | 1392 (92.8) | 124 (87.9) | 1268 (93.3) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Passive smoking | |||
| Yes | 173 (11.5) | 10 (7.1) | 80 (5.9) |
| No | 1326 (88.5) | 131 (92.9) | 1279 (94.1) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Yes | 173 (11.5) | 30 (21.4) | 143 (10.5) |
| No | 1326 (88.5) | 110 (78.6) | 1216 (89.5) |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Health care utilization in Midwifery Practice | |||
| Inadequate | 384 (25.6) | 39 (27.7) | 345 (25.4) |
| Adequate plus | 95 (6.3) | 6 (4.3) | 89 (6.5) |
| Adequate | 1021 (68.1) | 96 (68.1) | 925 (68.1) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 |
aMissings in a third category (Prefer not to say)
bCategory ‘not wanted, not planned’removed due to empty cells