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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Rheum Dis Treat. 2015 Feb 28;1(1):5. doi: 10.23937/2469-5726/1510005

Figure 2. Metformin directly suppresses macrophage inflammatory activity in vitro.

Figure 2

(A) Day 5 thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were cultured with the indicated metformin concentrations. At 48 h, supernatants were collected and assayed for cytokines by cytometric bead arrays. Values represent mean ± SEM of triplicate samples derived from 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (B) Cultured macrophages were lysed, cleared, fractionated by SDS-PAGE, and probed for phospho-AMPK. Actin served as control for protein loading.