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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Rheum Dis Treat. 2015 Feb 28;1(1):5. doi: 10.23937/2469-5726/1510005

Figure 4. Metformin activates AMPK and suppresses mTORC1 activity in KRN arthritis.

Figure 4

(A) Protein lysates from day 5, 7, or 9 paws obtained from KRN arthritic mice were probed for p-AMPK and total AMPK. Actin served as control for protein loading. (B) Day 9 paws were stained for Mac-3 (arrows, green) and p-AMPK (red). Colocalization (arrowheads) appeared orange/yellow. (C) Day 9 paws were stained for phospho (p)-mTOR and p-S6 (red). DAPI (blue) stained nuclei. Scale bar = 25 μm. (D) Intracellular level of p-mTOR and p-S6 was analyzed using ImageJ program as detailed in the Materials and Methods section and presented as integrated optical density (IntDen). Values represent mean ± SEM, n = 4–5 mice per treatment group. *P < 0.05 compared with saline.