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. 2015 Jun 24;10(6):e0130625. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130625

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© 2015 McCurry et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Fig 3 — The three load cases undertaken in this study: 1. Biting where the models are constructed to bite with the same resultant force of 47.8 N; 2. Shaking where a force of 20N is applied laterally to the middle teeth and 3. Pulling where a force of 30N is applied anteriorly to the middle teeth. Note that within the Shake and Pull load cases muscles do not apply force but brace the skull. The model also shows muscle beams that were used to apply loads in biting (pink), H beams (orange) that were used to apply load to the teeth during shake and pull load cases and surface beams (green) that distribute load across the restrained teeth, jaw hinge surface and occipital condyle. The specimen shown is Varanus exanthematicus: FMNH 58288.