Table 4. Primary Outcomes—Absolute COP MTV (mm/s) and Relative Stability Indices.

		Group Mean(SD)
Group	Outcome	Baseline	Post	95% CI of the Mean Difference	P-value	Effect Size (η2)
AYT	FirmEO	11.91 (3.14)	12.02 (2.21)	-0.10 (-2.39 2.18)	0.92	0.00
	FirmEC	12.65 (2.62)	13.04 (2.50)	-0.39 (-2.35 1.58)	0.66	0.03
	FoamEO	22.62 (6.12)	29.03 (7.49)	-6.41 (-10.45–2.37)	0.01*	0.63
	FoamEC	22.90 (3.19)	33.09 (10.03)	-10.19 (-16.22–4.16)	0.01*	0.66
Waitlist	FirmEO	14.07 (5.01)	14.28 (4.38)	-0.21 (-2.26 1.84)	0.82	0.01
	FirmEC	13.49 (4.93)	14.49 (4.14)	-1.00 (-2.86 0.86)	0.24	0.19
	FoamEO	23.82 (8.25)	25.83 (6.70)	-2.00 (-6.82 2.80)	0.36	0.12
	FoamEC	27.80 (7.30)	31.08 (8.29)	-3.29 (-8.98 2.40)	0.21	0.21
AYT	SIFirm	0.02 (0.08)	0.03 (0.04)	-0.01 (-0.07 0.06)	0.82	0.01
	SIFoam	0.01 (0.08)	0.03 (0.04)	-0.02 (-0.07 0.03)	0.34	0.11
	SIEO	0.19 (0.06)	0.24 (0.07)	-0.05 (-0.10–0.01)	0.04*	0.42
	SIEC	0.18 (0.07)	0.25 (0.05)	-0.07 (-0.11–0.03)	0.01*	0.66
	SIV	0.20 (0.08)	0.26 (0.06)	-0.07 (-0.13–0.01)	0.04*	0.43
Waitlist	SIFirm	-0.02 (0.03)	0.01 (0.05)	-0.02 (-0.06 0.02)	0.24	0.19
	SIFoam	0.05 (0.08)	0.05 (0.05)	0.00 (-0.08 0.08)	1.00	0.00
	SIEO	0.16 (0.03)	0.17 (0.08)	-0.16 (-0.08 0.05)	0.58	0.05
	SIEC	0.21 (0.06)	0.21 (0.06)	0.01 (-0.07 0.07)	0.97	0.00
	SIV	0.20 (0.06)	0.22 (0.06)	-0.02 (-0.08 0.04)	0.48	0.07

Primary outcomes are analyzed by paired samples t-tests. 95% CI are confidence intervals for the mean difference pre-post t-tests. Effect sizes for primary outcomes were calculated as the partial eta squared, η² = t²/(t² + (N-1)). We use the Ferguson (2009) effect size criteria for η²: small = 0.2, moderate = 0.5, large = 0.8. SI = Stability Index, EO = Eyes Open, EC = Eyes Closed, V = Vestibular,

* = Statistically significant.