Figure 6.

Central carbon metabolism of hESC-M cells expanded in 2D culture system versus stirred-tank bioreactors. Schematic representation of the main reactions of central carbon metabolism, highlighting transcriptome changes of hESC-M cells in the 2D culture system and the bioreactor culture system. Transcriptome changes correspond to fold-change in both culture conditions at the last day of culture, colored according the graphic legend. Each arrow represents a single reaction; reversibility is indicated by a two-arrow line according to the BioCyc database [30]. Dashed arrows are a general representation of metabolites being channeled from or into the indicated pathways. Reactions are shown as a schematic representation and do not necessarily represent a unique possibility for the presented metabolites. For simplicity, only the main metabolites and cofactors are shown, thus the reactions are not necessarily balanced. Not all reactions (arrows) are assigned to an enzyme, either for clarity or because no specific enzyme has been described in the BioCyc database. Genes are shown in corner-rounded boxes, colored according to fold-change, and metabolites are shown unboxed. Enzymatic complexes and multigene-composed proteins are identified by a corner-rounded dashed line surrounding the gene set. Gene sets not surrounded by this line represent different enzymes and/or enzyme isoforms catalyzing the same reaction. Genes were considered to be expressed for average expression level above 1.5-fold the average expression of the background probes. Metabolic map adapted from [31]. The microarray dataset presented in this figure was submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus repository with the accession number GSE63192. Abbreviations: 2D, two-dimensional; CoA, coenzyme A; DHF, dihydrofolate; FC, fold change; NC, no change; NE, not expressed; Pi, inorganic phosphate; PLP, pyridoxal-5-phosphate; SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; THF, tetrahydrofolate.