Table 1.
Team for education
| Current guidelines |
Suggested quality standards |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK [14] | UK [16] | Europe [1] | Francea [18] | USAb [17] | Minimal | Optimal | |
| Who should be in the team? | |||||||
| Nephrologist and CKD nurse | – | – | – | – | – | Y | Y |
| Dietician, psychologist, social worker, physical therapist, expert patient | – | – | – | – | – | – | Y |
| Multidisciplinary team | – | Y | – | Y | Y | – | Y |
| At least one physician | – | – | – | Y | – | – | – |
| What knowledge, training and experience should the team have? | |||||||
| Knowledge of CKD | Y | – | – | – | Y | Y | Y |
| Knowledge and experience of treatment modalities | Y | – | – | – | Y | Y | Y |
| Training in principles of adult education | Y | Y | – | – | Y | – | Y |
| Training in motivational interviewing/communication skills | – | – | – | – | – | – | Y |
| Training in how to avoid bias when giving information | – | – | – | – | – | – | Y |
| At least 40 h of theoretical and practical training | – | – | – | Y | – | – | – |
| Skills in patient communication | – | – | – | – | Y | – | – |
Y, guidelines/advice explicitly recommend this point; – , no explicit recommendation of this point; CKD, chronic kidney disease.
aGuidelines not specific to educating patients with CKD.
bThe US Medicare programme offers reimbursement for CKD education if provided by a physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant or certified nurse specialist.