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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2015 Apr 8;85(6):1312–1318. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.02.024

Table 3.

Association of frequency of individual lower urination tract symptoms and night urination with risk of bladder cancer.1

Frequency (% of time experienced symptoms)
0 <25 ≥25 but <50 ≥50
Sense of incomplete emptying
 No. of cases 258 166 33 19
 Person-years 232,299 111,603 19,034 10,506
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) 1.13 (0.78, 1.64) 1.16 (0.72, 1.87)
Urinary intermittence
 No. of cases 270 142 38 26
 Person-years 235,234 102,307 20,794 15,107
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) 1.10 (0.78, 1.56) 1.09 (0.72, 1.65)
Weak stream
 No. of cases 188 170 63 55
 Person-years 187,501 117,884 33,888 34,169
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) 1.38 (1.03, 1.85) 1.16 (0.85, 1.58)
Urinary hesitancy
 No. of cases 343 100 18 15
 Person-years 284,494 76,132 8,452 4,364
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.01 (0.80, 1.27) 1.42 (0.87, 2.32) 2.21 (1.29, 3.78)
Frequent urination
 No. of cases 129 247 61 39
 Person-years 126,028 180,591 42746 24,077
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.25 (1.00, 1.55) 1.17 (0.85, 1.59) 1.29 (0.89, 1.87)
Urinary urgency
 No. of cases 182 195 57 42
 Person-years 180,912 138,277 30,814 23,439
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) 1.22 (0.89, 1.66) 1.09 (0.77, 1.55)
Night urination
 Times per night 0 <2 ≥2 but <3 ≥3
 No. of cases 61 277 105 33
 Person-years 68,016 226,959 58,572 19,894
 Multivariable RR2 1.0 1.01 (0.76, 1.34) 1.07 (0.77, 1.49) 0.82 (0.53, 1.29)
1

Person-time occurred during 1996-2002 was related to the average of 1992 and 1994 symptom scores; Person-time occurred after 2002 was related to the average of 1998 and 2000 symptom scores. If both 1998 and 2000 LUTS information was missing, the average of 1992 and 1994 symptom scores was brought forward.

2

Adjusted for age, cumulative total fluid intake (in quartiles), cumulative intake of fruits and vegetables (4 categories), intake of bacon (3 categories), updated current smoking status (current smoker vs nonsmoker), cumulative pack-years of cigarette smoking (6 categories), and updated diabetes status two years before.

3

RR; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).