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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Urology. 2015 Apr 8;85(6):1312–1318. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.02.024

Table 4.

Relative risks of bladder cancer associated with LUTS, according to stage at diagnosis.

2-year lag1
Noninvasive Invasive
LUTS status Case No. PYs Multivariate RR7 Case No. PYs Multivariate RR7
No LUTS2 19 82,517 1.0 35 82,523 1.0
Mild LUTS3 100 239,965 1.60 (0.96, 2.69)8 129 240,003 0.97 (0.66, 1.42)
Isolated voiding4 3 9,025 1.28 (0.37, 4.46) 9 9,030 1.43 (0.67, 3.04)
Isolated storage5 16 30,088 1.82 (0.90, 3.70) 24 30,103 0.96 (0.56, 1.66)
Mixed V+S6 11 11,491 3.36 (1.52, 7.44) 10 11,489 1.09 (0.53, 2.26)
4-year lag9
Noninvasive Invasive
LUTS status Case No. PYs Multivariate RR7 Cases No. PYs Multivariate RR7
No LUTS2 10 70,083 1.0 33 70,099 1.0
Mild LUTS3 84 196,162 2.69 (1.38, 5.25) 101 196,181 0.82 (0.55, 1.24)
Isolated voiding4 2 7,117 1.88 (0.40, 8.80) 8 7,123 1.34 (0.60, 2.99)
Isolated storage5 12 23,081 2.99 (1.24, 7.17) 20 23,094 0.94 (0.53, 1.69)
Mixed V+S6 9 8,832 6.08 (2.37, 15.64) 12 8,838 1.42 (0.70, 2.86)
1

Person-time occurred during 1996-2002 was related to the average of 1992 and 1994 LUTS assessments; Person-time occurred after 2002 was related to the average of 1998 and 2000 LUTS assessments.

2

No LUTS group was defined as the total AUA-7 score less than or equal to 1; it was used as reference group in the regression models.

3

Mild LUTS group was defined as anyone who did not have high voiding or storage symptoms, or no LUTS.

4

Isolated voiding group was defined as voiding subgroup score equal to or higher than 8, and storage subgroup score less than 6.

5

Isolated storage group was defined as storage subgroup score equal to or higher than 6, and voiding subgroup score less than 8.

6

Mixed V+S group was defined as voiding subgroup score equal to or higher than 8, and storage subgroup score equal to or higher than 6.

7

Adjusted for age, cumulative intake of fruits and vegetables (4 categories), intake of bacon (3 categories), updated current smoking status (current smoker vs nonsmoker), cumulative pack-years of cigarette smoking (6 categories), and updated diabetes status two years before.

8

RR; 95% CI in parentheses (all such values).

9

Person-time occurred during 1998-2004 was related to the average of 1992 and 1994 LUTS assessments; Person-time occurred after 2004 was related to the average of 1998 and 2000 LUTS assessments.