Table 1.

Baseline association of demographic and health characteristics with frailty, in percentages

Factor		Total	Not Frail	Intermediate	Frail	X2 Value	p Value
		8,844	3,202	4,216	1,426
Age
	65–74	54.7%	63.1%	52.8%	41.5%	338.27	<.001
	75–84	35.2	32.0	36.6	38.2
	85+	10.1	4.9	10.7	20.3
Sex
	Female	58.8	47.4	62.0	75.0	344.00	<.001
	Male	41.2	52.6	38.0	25.0
Race
	Caucasian	85.4	86.3	86.1	81.8	25.62	<.001
	African American	11.8	10.7	11.8	14.7
	Other	2.7	3.0	2.2	3.6
Education
	≤9th grade	20.2	16.3	20.0	29.5	164.42	<.001
	10–11th grade	11.2	10.2	11.0	13.8
	HS Grad/GED	34.0	33.4	35.6	30.9
	>12 years	34.6	40.0	33.5	25.9
Income
	<12K	50.0	43.1	50.4	64.2	228.61	<.001
	12–<24K	32.0	33.3	32.8	26.5
	24–50K	14.3	18.4	13.4	8.1
	>50K	3.7	5.2	3.5	1.1
Self-Assessed Health
	Excellent	10.3	17.7	7.9	0.8	1,899.02	<.001
	Very Good	28.6	39.4	26.6	10.2
	Good	32.2	30.8	35.9	24.1
	Fair	20.4	10.6	22.5	35.8
	Poor	8.6	1.4	7.2	29.2
Partnered
	No	42.6	34.1	44.0	57.3	224.77	<.001
	Yes	57.4	65.9	56.0	42.7
Prevalent Disease at Baseline
	Arthritis	64.2	48.1	69.8	84.2	667.17	<.001
	Cancer	15.5	13.5	16.0	18.5	20.27	<.001
	Hypertension	55.3	48.8	55.6	68.7	158.03	<.001
	Pulmonary	10.3	6.0	10.4	19.5	193.99	<.001
	Diabetes	17.1	11.9	17.7	27.0	161.57	<.001
	Cardiac	28.1	19.9	28.5	45.7	324.21	<.001
Number of Chronic Diseases
	0	11.2	18.4	8.8	2.1	1,000.83	<.001
	1	28.1	35.9	26.9	14.2
	2	31.2	28.9	33.0	30.9
	3	20.2	13.3	22.1	29.8
	4+	9.4	3.5	9.2	23.0
Self-Reported Disability
	≥ IADL task	7.7	2.2	6.9	22.2	564.62	<.001
	≥ ADL task	18.2	1.8	17.0	58.3	2,120.47	<.001
	Any Disability	21.3	3.7	20.9	61.7	1,980.22	<.001
Cognitive Function
	TICS: 0–10	4.4	2.7	4.0	9.5	113.48	<.001
	TICS: 11–35	95.6	97.3	96.0	90.5
Depressive Symptoms
	CESD: 0–2	75.5	89.4	75.1	45.7	1,020.05	<.001
	CESD: ≥3	24.5	10.6	24.9	54.3