. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 25.

Published in final edited form as: Disabil Health J. 2013 Jul 25;6(4):333–342. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.05.003

Table 2.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Children with Vision Impairment and Hearing Loss, and Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder, Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 2000–2008^a

Characteristics	All VI	Prevalence of VI (95% CI)	VI with ASD (N)	Proportion with VI and ASD	Prevalence of VI and ASD (95% CI)	All HL	Prevalence of HL (95% CI)	HL with ASD (N)	Proportion with HL and ASD	Prevalence of HL and ASD (95% CI)
Surveillance Years
2000–2008	278	1.20 (1.07, 1.35)	20	7.2	0.09 (0.06, 0.13)	308	1.33 (1.19, 1.49)	18	5.8	0.08 (0.05, 0.12)
Sex
Male	148	1.26 (1.07, 1.48)	13	65.0	0.11 (0.06, 0.19)	167	1.42 (1.22, 1.65)	15	83.3	0.13 (0.08, 0.21)^b
Female	130	1.15 (0.97, 1.36)	7	35.0	0.06 (0.03, 0.13)	141	1.24 (1.06, 1.47)	3	16.7	0.03 (0.01, 0.08)
Race/Ethnicity^c
NH White	87	0.95 (0.77, 1.17)	5	25.0	0.05 (0.02, 0.13)	116	1.27 (1.06, 1.52)	7	38.9	0.08 (0.04, 0.16)
NH Black	128	1.28 (1.08, 1.52)	10	50.0	0.10 (0.05, 0.19)	125	1.25 (1.05, 1.49)	8	44.4	0.08 (0.04, 0.16)
Hispanic	39	1.46 (1.06, 1.99)	3	15.0	0.11 (0.04, 0.35)	43	1.61 (1.19, 2.16)	1	5.6	0.04 (0.01, 0.27)
Other	21	–	1	5.0	–	17	–	2	11.1	–

ASD=Autism Spectrum Disorders; CI = Confidence Interval; HL = Hearing Loss; NH = Non-Hispanic; VI = Vision Impairment.

Per 1,000 8-year-olds residing in the five-county region of metropolitan Atlanta.

Prevalence odds ratio significantly different (p <0.05).

Prevalence was not estimated for Other race/ethnicities including Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and multi-racial. Children categorized as ‘Missing’ race/ethnicities are excluded. There were 3 VI cases with missing data one of which had co-occurring ASD. There were 7 HL cases with missing race/ethnicity data none of which had co-occurring ASD.