Figure 4. Testing the metabolic functions of aminotransferases and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) in Lu1205 cells.

(A) Comparative enrichment of α-ketoglutarate or glutamate from glucose or glutamine in Lu1205 cells (left panel) or melanocytes (right panel) ± 0.5 mM AOA. (B–D) Effects of combined AOA treatment and GLUD1 knockdown on metabolism and growth. (B) Labeling of TCA cycle metabolites fumarate and citrate from ¹³C-glutamine. (C) Quantities of cellular free glutamate and glutamine. (D) Mass distribution of secreted glutamate (corrected for natural labeling and ¹³C-glutamine impurity). (Mean ± SEM of N = 3 for all, except mean ± range of N = 2 for D). **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01 by Student's unpaired t-test.