(A) PBMC from 40 patients diagnosed with CLL were used to analyze by FC the differential expression of CD38, CD49d, CD62L, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 in Ki-67-negative vs. positive CLL cells. (B) Primary CLL cells from 12 patients were cultured in suspension or in co-culture with BMSC, CD40L and CpG ODN for 48 hours and the expression ofCD38, CD49d, CD62L, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7 were analyzed. (C) PBMC from 10 patients diagnosed with CLL were cultured in suspension or in co-culture with BMSC, CD40L and CpG ODN for 48 hours and the percentage of T cells and their expression levels of Ki-67, CD38 and CD69 were analyzed. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns: non significant, paired T-test).