Table 1. Study participant characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total participants (n=871) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boys (n=475) | Girls (n=396) | ||
| Age (yr) | 14.2±0.1 | 14.2±0.2 | 0.7606 |
| Height (cm) | 164.8±0.7 | 157.4±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 57.6±0.8 | 50.6±0.8 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21±0.2 | 20.3±0.2 | 0.0379 |
| BFP (%) | 23.8±0.7 | 32.3±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| FM (kg) | 13.9±0.5 | 16.6±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| TFM (kg) | 6.02±2.4 | 7.1±2.5 | 0.0053 |
| FFM (kg) | 31.9±0.4 | 41.3±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 71.6±0.6 | 67.3±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| WHtR | 0.43±0.04 | 0.42±0.04 | 0.1513 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 110.2±0.8 | 103.9±0.7 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.1±0.6 | 65.8±0.6 | 0.0028 |
| AST (U/L) | 13.9±1.0 | 10.2±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19.0±0.6 | 16.4±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 16.7±0.7 | 13.2±0.3 | 0.1957 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 152.1±1.7 | 163±1.5 | <0.0001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 67.9±4.9 | 70.8±4.5 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.2±0.6 | 55.3±0.7 | 0.0005 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 83.2±1.5 | 90.9±1.3 | 0.0002 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.1±0.4 | 88.5±0.4 | 0.2314 |
| Insulin (µu/mL) | 11.6±0.6 | 12.1±0.7 | 0.1669 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.5±0.2 | 2.6±0.2 | 0.3082 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index; BFP, body fat percentage; FM, total fat mass; TFM, truncal fat mass; FFM, fat free mass; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance.