Fig. 1.

Working model of Anthocyanin and Proanthocyanidin synthesis pathway adapted from [23]. Enzymes are represented in uppercase bold letters; the products in the pathway are given in black boxes. The enzymes involved in the pathway are shown as follows: CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3H, flavanone-3β-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase; LDOX, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; FLS, flavonol synthase; LAR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase; ANR, anthocyanidin reductase; and UFGT, UDP-Glc:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase