Table 2.

Mean effects of solution Cd concentration, AM inoculation, and grafting combination on pigment content and maximum quantum use efficiency of PSII (F_v/F_m) in tomato leaves.

Treatment	Pigments (μg g-1fw)			Fv/Fm
	Chlorophyll a	Chlorophyll b	Carotenoids
Cd level (μM)
0	490.3	208.2	183.7	0.833
25	383.9	166.5	149.4	0.810
AM fungi
−AM	422.7	180.5	164.3	0.821
+AM	451.5	194.1	168.8	0.819
Grafting combinationa
I/I	420.6	184.0	156.4	0.815
I/M	453.6	190.7	176.7	0.824
Significanceb
Cd	***	***	***	***
AM fungi (M)	NS	NS	NS	NS
Grafting (G)	*	NS	**	*
Cd × M	NS	NS	NS	NS
Cd × G	NS	NS	NS	NS
Cd × M	NS	NS	NS	NS
Cd × M × G	NS	NS	NS	NS

^aI/I = self-grafted Ikram cultivar; I/M = Ikram cultivar grafted onto Maxifort rootstock.

^bNS, Non-significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.