Table 4.
Mean effects of solution Cd concentration, AM inoculation and grafting combination on antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and proline contents in tomato leaves.
| Treatment | Antioxidant enzymes (mmol min-1 mg-1 protein) |
Proline (mg g-1fw) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAT | APX | GPX | ||
| Cd level (μM) | ||||
| 483.0 | 11.6 | 2.61 | 4.72 | |
| 25 | 621.9 | 12.7 | 2.17 | 5.65 |
| AM fungi | ||||
| −AM | 601.6 | 12.6 | 2.47 | 5.20 |
| +AM | 503.4 | 11.7 | 2.31 | 5.17 |
| Grafting combinationa | ||||
| I/I | 51.69 | 11.6 | 2.24 | 5.09 |
| I/M | 58.80 | 12.8 | 2.55 | 5.28 |
| Significanceb | ||||
| Cd | *** | * | *** | *** |
| AM fungi (M) | *** | * | NS | NS |
| Grafting (G) | ** | ** | * | NS |
| Cd × M | ** | NS | NS | NS |
| Cd × G | NS | NS | NS | * |
| Cd × M | NS | NS | * | NS |
| Cd × M × G | NS | NS | NS | NS |
aI/I = self-grafted Ikram cultivar; I/M = Ikram cultivar grafted onto Maxifort rootstock.
bNS, Non-significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.