Fig. 7.

Spike raster and individual neuron responses during gamma oscillation. a Spike raster showing spiking activity of 5 % of all the neurons in the model (reduced number shown for clarity). Boundaries between neuron groups marked in cyan. Note strong persistent gamma oscillation in L2/3, with weaker oscillation in L5. b Example soma membrane potential plots for the various neuron types. Most neurons fire sparsely, while B2/3 and B5 neurons fire on most oscillation periods. Note occasional spike doublet firing in the B2/3 neuron. Spikes are cut-off at V _t + 5 mV in the simulation; we extend them up to 10 mV here for illustrative purposes. c Close-up of P2/3 neuron soma membrane potential (cut-off-45 mV). Scale bar 5 mV