Table 4.

Effect of Excluding Initial Cognitive Evaluations

Cognitive domain	Fixed effects	All years included			Year 0 excluded			Years 0 and 1 excluded
		Estimate	SE	p	Estimate	SE	p	Estimate	SE	p
Episodic memory	Time	−0.048	0.006	<0.001	−0.068	0.007	<0.001	−0.079	0.008	<0.001
	Black race	−0.177	0.031	<0.001	−0.165	0.037	<0.001	−0.172	0.045	<0.001
	Race x time	0.010	0.008	0.199	0.010	0.009	0.242	0.012	0.009	0.203
Semantic memory	Time	−0.078	0.007	<0.001	−0.094	0.008	<0.001	−0.110	0.009	<0.001
	Black race	−0.348	0.035	<0.001	−0.339	0.041	<0.001	−0.368	0.050	<0.001
	Race x time	0.021	0.009	0.012	0.024	0.010	0.014	0.028	0.011	0.010
Working memory	Time	−0.048	0.045	<0.001	−0.059	0.006	<0.001	−0.066	0.007	<0.001
	Black race	−0.299	0.036	<0.001	−0.345	0.042	<0.001	−0.340	0.050	<0.001
	Race x time	0.004	0.006	0.442	0.014	0.007	0.031	0.016	0.008	0.040
Perceptual speed	Time	−0.090	0.006	<0.001	−0.106	0.006	<0.001	−0.116	0.007	<0.001
	Black race	−0.419	0.040	<0.001	−0.442	0.046	<0.001	−0.467	0.055	<0.001
	Race x time	0.040	0.007	<0.001	0.048	0.009	<0.001	0.047	0.009	<0.001
Visuospatial ability	Time	−0.042	0.005	<0.001	−0.046	0.005	<0.001	−0.046	0.006	<0.001
	Black race	−0.595	0.038	<0.001	−0.568	0.044	<0.001	−0.539	0.053	<0.001
	Race x time	0.019	0.005	<0.001	0.019	0.006	0.002	0.017	0.007	0.018

Note. From 15 separate mixed-effects models that also included terms for age, male gender, education, and their interactions. SE, standard error