Table 1. Summary risk estimates of the association between saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes and pancreatic cancer risk.
| SFA | MUFA | PUFA | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Summary RR | I 2 | P * | No. | Summary RR | I 2 | P * | No. | Summary RR | I 2 | P * | |
| 95% CI | (%) | value | 95% CI | (%) | value | 95% CI | (%) | value | ||||
| Overall | 19 | 1.13 (0.94–1.35) | 70.7 | <0.0001 | 17 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | 43.4 | 0.026 | 18 | 0.87 (0.75–1.00) | 55.3 | 0.002 |
| Study Design | ||||||||||||
| Cohort stu dies | 6 | 1.04 (0.81–1.35) | 74.2 | 0.002 | 5 | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | 37.0 | 0.175 | 6 | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | 7.0 | 0.372 |
| Case-control studies | 13 | 1.19 (0.90–1.56) | 71.3 | <0.0001 | 12 | 0.99 (0.81–1.21) | 47.7 | 0.028 | 12 | 0.82 (0.65–1.02) | 65.4 | 0.001 |
| Study Quality | ||||||||||||
| High | 14 | 1.13 (0.94–1.36) | 74.2 | <0.0001 | 13 | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 40.5 | 0.064 | 14 | 0.90 (0.78–1.04) | 52.5 | 0.011 |
| Low | 5 | 1.06 (0.50–2.23) | 65.6 | 0.013 | 4 | 0.67 (0.31–1.46) | 55.3 | 0.062 | 4 | 0.66 (0.38–1.15) | 61.7 | 0.034 |
| Geographic Location | ||||||||||||
| North A merica | 11 | 1.23 (0.95–1.59) | 80.2 | <0.0001 | 9 | 1.05 (0.87–1.27) | 52.7 | 0.031 | 10 | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 58.5 | 0.010 |
| Europe | 6 | 1.05 (0.90–1.24) | 41.3 | 0.116 | 6 | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) | 36.0 | 0.153 | 6 | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 52.7 | 0.048 |
| Others | 2 | 1.07 (0.47–2.45) | 67.5 | 0.079 | 2 | 1.17 (0.73–1.88) | 0 | 0.466 | 2 | 0.66 (0.31–1.38) | 61.9 | 0.105 |
| Energy-adjusted Models † | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 1.15 (0.96–1.38) | 66.8 | <0.0001 | 12 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 10.3 | 0.342 | 12 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 47.7 | 0.028 |
| No | 6 | 1.13 (0.62–2.07) | 74.6 | 0.001 | 5 | 0.79 (0.84–1.31) | 61.1 | 0.036 | 6 | 0.87 (0.57–1.31) | 69.7 | 0.006 |
| Validated FFQ | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 1.14 (0.92–1.41) | 76.1 | <0.0001 | 12 | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 45.9 | 0.041 | 13 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 44.5 | 0.042 |
| No | 6 | 1.07 (0.67–1.71) | 58.6 | 0.024 | 5 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 38.0 | 0.153 | 5 | 0.74 (0.46–1.16) | 72.4 | 0.003 |
| Adjustment for confounders | ||||||||||||
| Body Mass Index | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 7 | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | 85.4 | <0.0001 | 7 | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 61.3 | 0.017 | 8 | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 16.6 | 0.299 |
| No | 12 | 1.18 (0.94–1.47) | 49.2 | 0.023 | 10 | 0.97 (0.84–1.12) | 26.7 | 0.190 | 10 | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | 68.3 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 69.3 | <0.0001 | 10 | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | 26.4 | 0.200 | 11 | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 50.6 | 0.027 |
| No | 8 | 1.03 (0.64–1.66) | 68.4 | 0.001 | 7 | 0.87 (0.58–1.32) | 51.2 | 0.045 | 7 | 0.85 (0.58–1.24) | 64.0 | 0.007 |
| Alcohol Drinking | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 1.61 (1.21–2.14) | 0 | 0.753 | 4 | 1.34 (1.00–1.79) | 0 | 0.617 | 5 | 0.68 (0.41–1.13) | 74.4 | 0.004 |
| No | 15 | 1.03 (0.85–1.27) | 73.8 | <0.0001 | 13 | 0.94 (0.81–1.09) | 47.1 | 0.026 | 13 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 15.5 | 0.284 |
FFQ: food frequency questionnaire.
* P for heterogeneity within each subgroup.
† Energy-adjusted models including nutrient density model, nutrient residual model, and energy partition model.