Table 1.

Prevalence of muscle wasting in patients with cirrhosis according to etiology of liver disease

Ref.	Number of patients	Definition of muscle wasting	Method of assessment	Prevalence of muscle wasting according to etiology
Montano-Loza et al[14], 2014	112	L3-SMI (≤ 52.4 cm²/m² in men, ≤ 38.5 cm²/m² in women)	CT scan	Alcohol: 44%, HCV: 46.9%, Alcohol + HCV: 38.9%, HBV: 0, AILD: 42.9%, Other: 21.4%
Hanai et al[16], 2015	130	L3-SMI (≤ 52.4 cm²/m² in men, ≤ 38.5 cm²/m² in women)	CT scan	HBV: 73.3%, HCV: 67.2%, Alcohol: 82.8%, Other: 50%
Meza-Junco et al[18], 2013	116	L3-SMI (≤ 41 cm²/m² in women, and ≤ 53 cm²/m² in men with body mass index ≥ 25 and ≤ 43 cm²/m² in patients with BMI < 25)	CT scan	Alcohol: 53.8%, HCV: 20.8%, HCV+Alcohol: 40.3%, HBV: 25%, NASH: 62.5%, Other: 33.3%
Hayashi et al[7], 2013	50	SMI (< 6.87 kg/m² in men, < 5.46 kg/m² in women) and/or Muscle strength (< 24 kg in men, < 14 kg in women)	BIAHand Grip Strength	Viral: 40%
Montano-Loza et al[24], 2014	248	L3-SMI (≤ 41 cm²/m² in women, and ≤ 53 cm²/m² in men with body mass index ≥ 25 and ≤ 43 cm²/m² in patients with BMI < 25)	CT scan	Alcohol: 52.2%, HCV: 40.9%, AILS: 40.5%, HBV: 47.6%, NASH: 71.4%, Other: 33.3%
Krell et al[25], 2013	207	L4-TPA (lowest sex-stratified tertile)	CT scan	HCV: 40.7%, HBV: 22.2%, HCC: 19.2%, Acohol: 36.7%, PSC: 28.6%, PBC: 40%, AIH: 36.4%, NASH: 25%, Other: 39.3%

SMI: Skeletal muscle index; L3: Third lumbar vertebra; CT: Computed tomography; BIA: Bioelectrical impedance analysis; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; AILS: Autoimmune liver diseases; TPA: Total psoas area; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis.