Table 1.
Univariate analysis of risk factors related to spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma
| Variables | Patients (n = 79) | P value |
| Age (yr) | 55.8 ± 12.6 | < 0.001 |
| Lesion length (cm) | 7.7 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
| Number (1/2-3/≥ 5) | 39/10/30 | < 0.001 |
| Location (left lobe/right lobe) | 34/45 | 0.934 |
| Cirrhosis (absence/presence) | 30/49 | < 0.001 |
| Virus (None/HBV/HCV) | 20/57/2 | 0.150 |
| BCLC stage (A/B/C) | 10/47/22 | < 0.001 |
| Treatment before rupture (absence/presence) | 53/26 | < 0.001 |
| Treatment at rupture (conservative/TAE/surgery) | 30/32/17 | 0.086 |
| Treatment in the follow-up period (absence/presence) | 60/19 | < 0.001 |
| WBC, × 109/L | 12.4 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
| HB, g/L | 106.2 ± 25.6 | < 0.001 |
| PLT, × 1010/L | 171 ± 84.4 | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.3 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| APTT, S | 38.4 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
| ALT, U/L | 127 ± 186.9 | < 0.001 |
| ALB, g/L | 30.8 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
| TBil, umol/L | 28.3 ± 20.9 | < 0.001 |
| HCO3-, mmol/L | 23.3 ± 5.6 | < 0.001 |
| Crea, umol/L | 95.7 ± 50.1 | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh | 7.9 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; TAE: Transarterial embolization; WBC: White blood cell count; HB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet count; INR: International normalized ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; ALT: Alanine transaminase; ALB: Albumin; TBil: Total bilirubin; HCO3-: Bicarbonate; Crea: Creatinine.