Table 3.

Agreement of lactose malabsorption and lactose intolerance diagnosis between 4-sample lactose hydrogen breath testing and standard lactose hydrogen breath testing methods

		Standard LHBT
4SLHBT		LM				LI
IBS-D		(+)	(-)	Kappa	P value	(+)	(-)	Kappa	P value
10 g	(+)	23	0	0.931	< 0.001	10	0	0.942	< 0.001
	(-)	2	35			1	49
20 g	(+)	50	0	0.870	< 0.001	26	0	0.933	< 0.001
	(-)	2	8			2	32
40 g	(+)	55	0	0.880	< 0.001	47	0	0.839	< 0.001
	(-)	1	4			3	10
HVs
10 g	(+)	19	0	0.925	< 0.001	2	0	1.000	< 0.001
	(-)	2	39			0	58
20 g	(+)	46	0	0.902	< 0.001	12	0	0.949	< 0.001
	(-)	2	12			1	47
40 g	(+)	53	0	0.815	< 0.001	38	0	0.889	< 0.001
	(-)	2	5			3	19

LHBT: Lactose hydrogen breath test; LM: Lactose malabsorption; LI: Lactose intolerance; 4SLHBT: 4-Sample Lactose Hydrogen Breath Testing; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea; HVs: Healthy volunteers.