Table 4.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 4-sample lactose hydrogen breath testing method using standard lactose hydrogen breath test method as the reference
| LHBT | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | ||
| IBS-D | 10 g | LM | 92% | 100% | 100% | 94.6% |
| LI | 91% | 100% | 100% | 98% | ||
| 20 g | LM | 96% | 100% | 100% | 80% | |
| LI | 93% | 100% | 100% | 94.1% | ||
| 40 g | LM | 98% | 100% | 100% | 80% | |
| LI | 94% | 100% | 100% | 76.9% | ||
| HVs | 10 g | LM | 90% | 100% | 100% | 95.1% |
| LI | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | ||
| 20 g | LM | 96% | 100% | 100% | 85.7% | |
| LI | 92% | 100% | 100% | 97.9% | ||
| 40 g | LM | 96% | 100% | 100% | 71.4% | |
| LI | 93% | 100% | 100% | 86.4% |
LHBT: Lactose hydrogen breath test; LM: Lactose malabsorption; LI: Lactose intolerance; 4SLHBT: 4-Sample Lactose Hydrogen Breath Testing; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome patients with diarrhea; HVs: Healthy volunteers; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.