Table 1. Reported asymmetries of presumed early acting L-R determinants.
| Factor | Detection | Stage | Site | Frequency | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| serotonin | IHC | 32-64 cell | right ventral | 8/8 | Vandenberg et al., 2013a | |
| consensus (n = 10) | Fukumoto et al., 2005b | |||||
| n. sp. | Adams et al., 2006 | |||||
| serotonin | IF | 32-256 cell | symmetrical | 100% n > 200 | Beyer et al., 2012a | |
| atp4 alpha | mRNA | ISH | 2-4 cell | right-sided | n. sp. | Aw et al., 2008 |
| n. sp. | Levin et al., 2002 | |||||
| atp4 alpha | mRNA | ISH | 2 cell-blastula | symmetrical | 100% n = 320 | Walentek et al., 2012 |
| atp4 alpha | protein | IHC | 2 cell 4 cell | right right ventral | n. sp. | Aw et al., 2008 |
| atp4 beta | protein | IHC | 2-4 cell | right (do+ve) | n. sp. | Aw et al., 2008 |
| atp4 alpha | protein | IF | 4 cell | right (do+ve) | n. sp. | Aw et al., 2010 |
| atp6v0a2 | mRNA | ISH | 4-cell | symmetrical | n. sp. | Rutenberg et al., 2002 |
| atp6v0c Atp6v1a/b/f | protein | IHC | 2-8cell | right (do+ve) | > 80% n. sp. | Adams et al., 2006 |
| atp6v0c/ductin | protein | IHC | 4 cell | right ventral left dorsal | 55% 11% n = 110 | Vandenberg et al., 2013b |
| KCNQ1 | protein | IHC | 2 cell 4 cell | right right ventral | n. sp. n. sp. | Morokuma et al., 2008 |
| KCNQ1 | protein | IHC | 4 cell | right ventral dorsal left symmetrical | 34% 18% 27% n = 85 | Vandenberg et al., 2013b |
| KCNE1 | protein | IHC | 2 cell 4 cell | left left or right ventral | n. sp. n. sp. | Morokuma et al., 2008 |
| dnah11 | protein | IHC | 2-8 cell | n. sp. | n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| KiF3B | protein | IHC | 2 cell 4 cell | n. sp. absent in one right blasto-mere | n. sp. n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| polaris | protein | IHC | 2 cell 4 cell | n. sp. symmetric | n. sp. n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| inversin | protein | IHC | 4-8 cell | right > left | n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| ac. tubulin | protein | IHC | 2-4 cell | left (do+ve) | n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| detyrosin. tubulin | protein | IHC | 4-cell | left (do+ve) | n. sp. | Qiu et al., 2005 |
| 14-3-3E | protein + mRNA | IHC ISH | 2-4 cell | right (do+ve) | n. sp. | Bunney et al., 2003 |
| Dvl2 | protein | IF | 4-cell | right-ve in an-imal-vegetal sections symmetrical in transversal sections | 8/9 14/14 | Vandenberg and Levin, 2012 |
Studies which failed to reproduce early serotonin and ATP4 L-R asymmetries are highlighted in light blue. do, dorsal; ve, ventral; n.sp., not specified