Table 2.

Neurodevelopmental models that exhibit altered social interaction. The specifics of the models are listed as well as their effects on social interaction and responsiveness to antipsychotics and anxiolytics.

Neurodevelopmental model	Age at testing	Model type	Sex of test subjects	Effect on social interaction	Evidence of anxiety	Effects of antipsychotics and anxiolytics	References
Antimitotic agent – MAM (GD17)	PND 58–60	Rat	Male	Reduced active social interaction	No		Flagstad et al. (2004)
Neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (PND 7)	PND 35 and PND 65	Rat	Male	Reduced social interaction	Yes	Chronic treatment with clozapine (0.63–2.5 mg/kg) further reduced active social interaction	Sams-Dodd et al. (1997)
Poly I:C immune challenge (GD 17)	PND 80	Mouse	Male and female	Produced deficits in social interaction	No		Bitanihirwe et al. (2010)
Human influenza virus immune challenge (GD 9)	5–9 weeks	Mouse	Male and female	Reduced social interaction	Yes		Shi et al. (2003)
LPS immune challenge (GD 9)	Preadolescent and adult	Rat	Male	Reduced play behavior and reduced social interaction	No		Kirsten et al. (2010)
Borna disease virus immune challenge (PND 1)	PND 90 and PND 180	Rat	Male	Reduced active social interaction and decreased aggressive behaviors	No		Lancaster et al. (2007)
Prenatal restraint stress (GD7 – birth)	PND 60	Mouse	Male	Reduced social interaction	No		Matrisciano et al. (2012)
Variable prenatal stress (third week gestation)	PND 35 and PND 56	Rat	Male	Reduced social interaction and diminished quality of social interaction	No	Subchronic treatment with haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg) failed to improve social deficits	Lee et al. (2007)
Isolation rearing (PND 21–77)	7–11 weeks	Rat	Male	Increased aggressive behaviors and altered social interaction	Yes		Lukkes et al. (2009), Meng et al. (2010), Van den Berg et al. (1999) and Zhao et al. (2009)