Schematic representation of the brain reinforcement circuit. Brain sites of reinforcement are integrated in a circuit based on their connectivity and putative functional roles. BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CPu, caudate putamen; LH, lateral hypothalamus; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PAG, periaqueductal gray; POA, preoptic area; VP, ventral pallidum; VTA, ventral tegmental area. [Adapted from Kelley (183) and Koob and Le Moal (202).]