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. 2015 Jun 26;12:15. doi: 10.1186/s12987-015-0010-1

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© Ishikawa et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Magnified view of Virchow–Robin spaces in a single gyrus in control subject. a, b Volume rendering image of a right middle frontal gyrus. c Volume rendering image of a left superior frontal gyrus. Several tubular structures with sharp tips and smooth walls were observed in a single gyrus (a). They originated at the corticomedullary junction, ran medially, and terminated at the lateral end of the corona radiata. They did not penetrate the cortex (CX). Their sharp tips did not fuse and some disappeared shortly in the subcortical white matter. A view rotated 90° (b) from image (a) showed several tubular structures (small arrows) through the increased transparency of the cortex and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In a coronal image (c) of the superior frontal gyrus, VRS originated at the corticomedullary junction and ran down to the superolateral angle of the lateral ventricle (LV). Their wall was smooth and mildly curved with some bulging. They did not penetrate the cortex (CX). Observation in a normal 69-year-old man, S cerebral sulcus, scale bar 5 mm.