Table 4.
Nutritional composition of breakfasts consumed at home, at school and at both home and school, following the introduction of the breakfast programme
| Nutrient intake at breakfast | Breakfast at home | Breakfast at school | Breakfast at school and home | F values d.f. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 211) | (n = 35) | (n = 33) | (2,276) | ||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | ||
| Energy (Mj) | 1.10a | 0.05 | 1.37 | 0.11 | 1.70a | 0.15 | 10.70, p < 0.001 |
| Protein (g) | 8.8 | 0.47 | 9.0 | 1.12 | 11.1 | 1.13 | |
| Fat (g) | 7.3a | 0.47 | 7.2 | 1.06 | 11.0a | 1.36 | 3.99, p < 0.02 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 48.7a,b | 1.81 | 59.8a | 4.62 | 69.7b | 6.06 | 12.62, p < 0.001 |
| Fibre (g) | 2.07 | 0.15 | 3.29 | 0.46 | 3.55 | 0.44 | 8.37, p < 0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 258.4 | 19.9 | 235.6 | 29.8 | 309.5 | 42.4 | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 203.5 | 11.5 | 196.1 | 27.0 | 246.0 | 26.0 | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 42.6 | 2.5 | 46.8 | 5.9 | 59.1 | 6.1 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 338.4 | 23.9 | 382.1 | 37.7 | 484.6 | 55.6 | |
| Potassium (mg) | 394.3a | 18.4 | 446.7 | 41.5 | 613.6a | 64.8 | 8.78, p < 0.001 |
| Chloride (mg) | 524.9a | 38.0 | 629.6 | 59.6 | 780.9a | 89.7 | 3.48, p < 0.03 |
| Iron (mg) | 2.6 | 0.20 | 2.4 | 0.33 | 3.2 | 0.38 | |
| Zinc (mg) | 1.11 | 0.07 | 1.08 | 0.15 | 1.31 | 0.16 | |
| Copper (mg) | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.03 | |
| Selenium (μg) | 3.2a,b | 0.19 | 5.1a | 0.99 | 5.62b | 0.82 | 9.49, p < 0.001 |
| Iodine (μg) | 38.2 | 2.5 | 33.1 | 5.5 | 45.8 | 7.4 | |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.05 | |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 0.58 | 0.03 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 0.08 | |
| Niacin (mg) | 5.3 | 0.28 | 5.4 | 0.74 | 6.7 | 0.76 | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.42 | 0.03 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.54 | 0.08 | |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0.14 | |
| Folate (μg) | 59.9a | 3.7 | 67.0 | 10.08 | 92.8a | 11.0 | 4.94, p < 0.008 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 25.7a | 2.5 | 32.9 | 5.2 | 53.8a | 8.6 | 7.85, p < 0.001 |
| Vitamin A (μg) | 71.0 | 6.6 | 74.2 | 11.5 | 109.6 | 13.8 | |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.06 | |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 0.62 | 0.06 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.08 | |
Note. The data are means and standard errors. Where there were significant differences the F values are listed in the right-hand column. Lower case letters indicate pairs of means that differed significantly from each other at least at the p < 0.01 level, as indicated by Scheffe’s test