Table 4.
Summary statistics comparing HV and subjects with diabetes
| Biomarker | Concentration
|
|
|---|---|---|
| HV | Diabetic | |
| A1M (μg/mL) | 0.43±0.42 | 4.73±4.17* |
| B2M (μg/mL) | 0.04±0.07 | 0.12±0.32 |
| Calbindin (ng/mL) | 52.73±237.73 | 85.11±113.62 |
| Clusterin (μg/mL) | 0.011±0.018 | 0.021±0.051 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 103.86±67.08 | 116.48±71.81 |
| CTGF (ng/mL) | 0.19±0.13 | 0.72±0.45* |
| Cystatin-C (ng/mL) | 14.29±19.03 | 53.36±172.65 |
| GSTα (ng/mL) | 0.32±0.58 | 9.14±14.29* |
| KIM-1 (ng/mL) | 0.18±0.18 | 0.77±0.79* |
| Microalbumin (μg/mL) | 3.97±6.76 | 27.34±45.57* |
| NGAL (ng/mL) | 15.49±27.82 | 28.18±39.00 |
| Osteopontin (ng/mL) | 453.17±440.69 | 1,070.87±1,389.66* |
| THP (μg/mL) | 4.85±4.38 | 6.13±6.73 |
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | 1.23±3.82 | 6.10±26.11 |
| TFF3 (μg/mL) | 0.24±0.19 | 0.66±0.48* |
| VEGF (pg/mL) | 313.73±470.04 | 377.72±393.47 |
Notes: All samples were without stabilizer. Mean ± standard deviation.
*
Different from HV without stabilizer (P<0.05).
Abbreviations: A1M, α-1-microglobulin; B2M, β-2-microglobulin; CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; GSTα, glutathione S-transferase α; HV, healthy volunteers; KIM-1, kidney injury marker-1; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TFF3, trefoil factor 3; THP, Tamm–Horsfall urinary glycoprotein; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.