TABLE 4.
Multivariate-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) of colorectal cancer by intake of types of fruit and vegetables1
| Type of fruit and vegetables | Q1 (low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 (high) | P for trend2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | ||||||
| Yellow-orange fruit | 1 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.03) | 0.081 |
| Citrus fruit | 1 | 0.91 (0.75, 1.10) | 0.96 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.72 (0.59, 0.89) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) | 0.082 |
| Light-green vegetables | 1 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.23) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.234 |
| Dark-green vegetables | 1 | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.380 |
| Yellow-orange | 1 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.15) | 0.83 (0.68, 1.02) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) | 0.248 |
| vegetables | ||||||
| Cruciferous vegetables | 1 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10) | 0.87 (0.71, 1.08) | 0.291 |
| Broccoli | 1 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.15) | 0.300 |
| Women | ||||||
| Yellow-orange fruit | 1 | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.72, 1.12) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.13) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | 0.354 |
| Citrus fruit | 1 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.90 (0.71, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.34) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | 0.368 |
| Light-green vegetables | 1 | 0.99 (0.79, 1.24) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) | 0.79 (0.63, 1.01) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.31) | 0.911 |
| Dark-green vegetables | 1 | 0.85 (0.68, 1.05) | 0.76 (0.61, 0.94) | 0.73 (0.59, 0.92) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | 0.344 |
| Yellow-orange | 1 | 0.74 (0.59, 0.93) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 0.891 |
| vegetables | ||||||
| Cruciferous vegetables | 1 | 0.91 (0.73, 1.14) | 0.76 (0.60, 0.96) | 0.79 (0.62, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.73, 1.14) | 0.787 |
| Broccoli | 1 | 0.93 (0.75, 1.16) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.06) | 0.72 (0.57, 0.91) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.15) | 0.652 |
1
Estimated from Cox regression in which age is the time metric, adjusted for ethnicity and time since cohort entry as strata variables and age, family history of colorectal cancer, history of colorectal polyp, pack-years of cigarette smoking, BMI, hours of vigorous activity, aspirin use, multivitamin use, replacement hormone use (women), log energy intake, alcohol, red meat, folate, vitamin D, and calcium as independent variables in the log linear model component. Intakes were quantified as g · 1000 kcal−1 · d−1.
2
P value for Wald test of trend variables, assigned the median for the appropriate quintile.