Table 1.
Baseline Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics of the early out-of-hospital mortality (EOHM, TAVR survivors <1 year) compared to no early out-of-hospital mortality (no EOHM, TAVR survivors >1 year) and standard therapy (ST) groups
| Variable |
Early Out-of- Hospital Mortality (n=101) |
No Early Out-of- Hospital Mortality (n=384) |
Standard Therapy (n = 179) |
p-value
EOHM vs No EOHM |
p-value
EOHM vs ST |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) | 84.68 [78.26, 88.47] | 84.42 [79.56, 88.43] | 84.75 [79.10, 88.55] | 0.92 | 0.97 |
| Age ≥ 80 years | 71 (70%) | 282 (73%) | 128 (72%) | 0.53 | 0.83 |
| Male | 62 (61%) | 199 (52%) | 84 (47%) | 0.09 | 0.02 |
| Body Mass Index (median, IQR) (kg/m2) |
25.05 [21.63, 28.94] | 26.63 [22.86, 30.69] | 25.25 [22.15, 29.44] | 0.007 | 0.23 |
| STS Score (median, IQR) | 12.00 [9.70, 15.80] | 10.95 [9.50, 12.90] | 11.50 [8.80, 15.00] | 0.009 | 0.26 |
| STS > 10 | 72 (71%) | 261 (68%) | 117 (66%) | 0.52 | 0.34 |
| LogEuroSCORE (median, IQR) | 26.61 [16.18, 43.08] | 24.06 [14.64, 37.50] | 26.00 [16.19, 41.48] | 0.17 | 0.73 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33 (33%) | 159 (41%) | 63 (35%) | 0.11 | 0.67 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 73 (72%) | 309 (81%) | 141 (79%) | 0.07 | 0.22 |
| Smoker | 47 (47%) | 185 (48%) | 86 (48%) | 0.77 | 0.81 |
| Hypertension | 89 (88%) | 342 (89%) | 153 (86%) | 0.74 | 0.54 |
| Heart Failure NYHA class 3/4 | 95 (94%) | 360 (94%) | 168 (94%) | 0.91 | 0.95 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 77 (76%) | 279 (73%) | 133 (74%) | 0.47 | 0.72 |
| Peripheral Vascular disease | 38 (38%) | 145 (38%) | 45 (25%) | 0.94 | 0.03 |
| Porcelain aorta | 8 (8%) | 26 (7%) | 20 (11%) | 0.69 | 0.38 |
| Prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty | 21 (21%) | 45 (12%) | 39 (22%) | 0.02 | 0.85 |
| Major Arrhythmia | 58 (57%) | 175 (46%) | 90 (50%) | 0.03 | 0.25 |
| Coagulopathy | 6 (6%) | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0.02 | 0.07 |
| Creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dl | 28 (28%) | 62 (16%) | 35 (20%) | 0.008 | 0.12 |
| Liver disease | 6 (6%) | 7 (2%) | 6 (3%) | 0.03 | 0.36 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
44 (44%) | 158 (41%) | 94 (53%) | 0.66 | 0.15 |
| Oxygen Dependent | 16 (16%) | 46 (12%) | 46 (26%) | 0.30 | 0.06 |
| Chest wall radiation | 4 (4%) | 15 (4%) | 15 (8%) | 1.00 | 0.16 |
| Chest wall deformities | 3 (3%) | 11 (3%) | 9 (5%) | 1.00 | 0.55 |
| MMSE (median, IQR) | 27.0 [24.5, 29.0] | 28.0 [25.0, 29.0] | 28.0 [25.0, 30.0] | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Anemia | 78 (77%) | 255 (67%) | 129 (73%) | 0.04 | 0.42 |
| Mean AV Gradient (mmHg, median, IQR) |
40.24 [32.22,49.24] | 42.19[33.25, 52.44] | 40.66 [32.64, 49.90] | 0.14 | 0.53 |
| Peak AV Gradient (mmHg, median, IQR) |
66.74 [51.67, 82.32] | 70.09 [56.53, 86.60] | 70.11 [56.46, 86.44] | 0.12 | 0.22 |
| Aortic Valve Area (EOA) (cm2, median (IQR) |
0.65 [0.51, 0.77] | 0.63 [0.53, 0.76] | 0.64 [0.50, 0.74] | 0.68 | 0.98 |
| Baseline LVEF (%, median, IQR) |
55 [43, 60] | 57[45, 62] | 55 [41, 60] | 0.14 | 0.85 |
P-value from Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables and from Student’s t-test for means and Wilcoxon Rank Sum for medians for continuous variables.
- Anemia is defined as Hemoglobin (g/dL) < 12 (female) and Hemoglobin (g/dL) < 13 (male).
- EOA: estimated orifice area