Table 1.
Descriptions of Social Neurobehavioral Factors
| Factor | Description |
| Social interaction | |
| Cuddling | Infant resists being held and/or failed to participate with whole body while cuddling in arms. |
| Irritability | Infant cries or fusses for most (>50%) of the interaction. |
| Consolability | Infant is able to be soothed with human interaction, such as being talked to or held, moving from an active awake or crying state to a quiet alert, drowsy, or sleep state. |
| Crying | Infant cries for at least 15 s during the exam. |
| Gaze aversion | Infant actively moves eyes or head away from visual stimulus to avoid the stimulus. |
| Visual locking | Infant demonstrates a stare at a stimulus that was difficult to break. |
| Tight blinking | Infant closes eyes tightly to avoid the stimulus when stimulus is presented |
| Roving eye movements | Infant demonstrates rapid eye movements that were not oriented to a stimulus when presented. |
| Endpoint nystagmus | Infant demonstrates rapid, repetitive horizontal eye movements when orienting to a stimulus at the end of the visual range. |
| Sustained nystagmus | Infant demonstrates rapid, repetitive horizontal eye movements during any attempts to visually orient. |
| Obligatory following | Infant responds to a visual stimulus with an exaggerated response and rapid, predictable eye and head movements toward the stimulus. |
| Hyperalertness | Infant responds with overly intense alertness, often seen with bulging eyes and a panicked expression. |
| Visual and auditory orientation | |
| Auditory animate orientation (human voice) | Poor = No auditory orientation |
| Fair = Brightening with shifting of eyes | |
| Auditory inanimate orientation (rattle) | Good = Head turning to side of stimulus and localizing <2 out of 4 times |
| Excellent = Head turning and finding the stimulus ≥2 out of 4 times | |
| Visual animate orientation (human face) | Poor = No visual tracking |
| Fair = Focusing on object with brief following <30° | |
| Visual inanimate orientation (red ball) | Good = Tracking ≥30° to one side |
| Excellent = Full tracking to both sides with smooth eye movements | |
| Preference for animate objects | The infant scores higher on animate visual and auditory orientation than on inanimate visual and auditory orientation. |