Table 2. Crude Relative Risk of Low Birthweight among Live Births by Socio-Demographic Characteristics for 3110 Deliveries* at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe.
| All LBW | Term LBW | Preterm LBW | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Relative Risk (95% CI)** | Relative Risk (95% CI)** | Relative Risk (95% CI)** | |
| Total | 3110 | 520 (16.7%) | 302 (9.7%) | |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||
| Mother’s age | Below 20 | 1.24 (0.99–1.56) | 1.09 (0.79–1.51) | 1.013(0.87–1.46) |
| 20 to 34 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| above 34 | 0.86 (0.58–1.26) | 0.69 (0.37–1.28) | 1.02 (0.68–1.55) | |
| Maternal education | Less than primary | 1.06 (0.71–1.56) | 0.89 (0.43–1.88) | 1.41 (0.89–2.25) |
| Primary | 0.20 (0.12–0.32) | 1.25 (0.89–1.75) | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | |
| Form II | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 1.23 (0.88–1.71) | 1.27 (0.98–1.65) | |
| Form IV | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Form VI and above | 0.92 (0.46–1.85) | 1.01 (0.33–3.06) | 0.93 (0.36–2.38) | |
| Paternal education | Less than primary | 1.66 (0.97–2.83) | 0.82 (0.21–3.15) | 1.60 (0.77–3.35) |
| Primary | 0.99 (0.73–1.36) | 0.72 (0.39–1.34) | 1.26 (0.86–1.85) | |
| Form II | 0.97 (0.73–1.30) | 0.91 (0.55–1.49) | 0.92 (0.61–1.39) | |
| Form IV | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Form VI and above | 0.95 (0.69–1.29) | 0.91 (0.55–1.53) | 0.75 (0.47–1.21) | |
| Marital status | Current or living as married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Never married | 1.34 (0.85–2.10) | 1.04 (0.40–2.69) | 1.64 (0.93–2.91) | |
| Separated, Divorced or Widowed | 1.35 (1.01–1.81) | 1.49 (0.91–2.45) | 1.58 (1.08–2.31) | |
| Mother employed | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 0.89 (0.72–1.11) | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.82 (0.62–1.09) | |
| Father employed | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.02 (0.83–1.26) | 1.00 (0.70–1.44) | 1.04 (0.78–1.38) | |
| Residence | Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Rural | 1.19 (0.95–1.49) | 1.48 (1.04–2.11) | 1.03 (0.74–1.44) | |
| Have electricity | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.04 (0.88–1.24) | 1.22 (0.91–1.62) | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | |
| Have water supply | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 1.09 (0.73–1.61) | 0.97 (0.69–1.35) | |
| Have a toilet | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 0.89 (0.65–1.24) | 0.58 (0.29–1.15) | 1.20 (0.82–1.76) | |
| Anthropometric measurements | ||||
| Body Mass Index | Less than 18.49 | 1.98 (1.00–3.93) | 1.63 (0.44–6.12) | 2.06 (0.71–5.97) |
| 18.49 to less than 25 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| 25 and above | 0.09 (0.05–0.18) | 0.45 (0.28–0.74) | 0.70 (0.47–1.06) | |
| Mid-arm | 17 to 28.5 centimeters | 1.75 (1.43–2.16) | 2.36 (1.58–3.26) | 1.60 (1.22–2.10) |
| Circumference | >28.5 to 43 centimeters | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Lifestyle habits during pregnancy | ||||
| Alcohol drinking *** | Yes | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | 1.26 (0.94–1.68) | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Drank Home brew | Yes | 0.77 (0.57–1.05) | 0.73 (0.43–1.24) | 0.67 (0.44–1.02) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Drank chibuku | Yes | 1.19 (0.87–1.64) | 1.13 (0.64–1.99) | 1.30 (0.34–2.00) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Drank bottled beer | Yes | 1.37 (0.78–2.39) | 1.77 (0.77–4.08) | 1.29 (0.56–2.97) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Drank wine | Yes | 0.43(0.14–1.29) | 0.36 (0.05–2.53) | 0.77 (0.26–2.29) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Smoked | Yes | 0.59 (0.90–3.79) | 1.40 (0.22–8.95) | 0.98 (0.15–6.23) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
* based on data obtained from the records
** denotes 95% confidence intervals
*** alcohol include: chibuku (local brew), bottled beer, spirits or wine