Fig. 2.

Real-time imaging of convection-enhanced delivery of an investigational therapy. (A) Placement of the SmartFrame (MRI Interventions) MRI-compatible stereotactic guidance system over the site of a burr hole. (B) Access to the port of the SmartFrame is maintained while the patient is in the imaging position within the intraoperative MRI. (C) Preinfusion MRI showing the target lesion, which is a recurrent high-grade glioma. (D) Intraoperative MRI during infusion of an experimental therapy, to which gadolinium was added as a tracer.