Neurocognitive impairment by glioma grade. aImpairment defined as a z-score ≤ −1.5 for all individual measures. Impairment defined as a z-score ≤ −0.70 for CTB Comp. *Significant difference between groups, P ≤ .05; Fisher's exact tests. Sample sizes by group: Digit Span (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 37), HVLT-R TR (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 37), HVLT-R DR (II = 8; III = 10; IV = 20), HVLT-R Recog (II = 8; III = 10; IV = 19), Digit Symbol (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 36), TMTA (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 36), TMTB (II = 14; III = 20; IV = 34), Similarities (II = 14; III = 20; IV = 35), COWA (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 37), Token (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 37), Naming (II = 15; III = 19; IV = 37), Block Design (II = 14; III = 20; IV = 37), Grip (II = 15; III = 19; IV = 35), Peg (II = 15; III = 20; IV = 36), CTB Comp (II = 8; III = 10; IV = 19).