Table 3.

Neurocognitive performances by glioma grade

Domain and Test	Glioma Grade						Pa
	II		III		IV
	N	z-Score Mean (SD)	N	z-Score Mean (SD)	N	z-Score Mean (SD)
Attention
Digit Span	15	−0.44 (0.66)	20	−0.47 (0.63)	37	−0.75 (0.78)	.236
Learning and Memory
HVLT-R TR	15	−0.75 (1.32)	20	−0.81 (0.99)	37	−2.11 (1.79)	.002*
HVLT-R DR	8	−0.98 (1.83)	10	−0.88 (1.14)	20	−1.45 (2.19)	.688
HVLT-R Recog	8	−0.25 (0.55)	10	−0.29 (1.27)	19	−1.27 (2.12)	.214
Processing Speed
Digit Symbol	15	−0.16 (1.07)	20	0.58 (0.90)	36	−0.30 (0.67)	.001*
TMTA	15	−0.36 (2.05)	20	−0.10 (1.05)	36	−0.49 (2.72)	.816
Executive Function
TMTB	14	−1.53 (2.48)	20	−0.49 (2.53)	34	−1.88 (2.83)	.186
Similarities	14	−0.24 (0.84)	20	−0.08 (0.63)	35	−0.46 (0.95)	.286
COWA	15	−0.36 (0.85)	20	−0.19 (1.10)	37	−1.16 (1.08)	.002*
Language
Token	15	0.16 (0.89)	20	0.11 (0.87)	37	−0.72 (1.33)	.010*
Naming	15	−0.62 (0.93)	19	−0.31 (1.09)	37	−1.25 (1.25)	.013*
Visuospatial Function
Block Design	14	−0.36 (0.96)	20	0.32 (0.83)	37	−0.17 (0.93)	.072
Motor Function
Grip	15	0.06 (1.12)	19	0.07 (0.84)	35	−0.45 (0.82)	.063
Peg	15	0.27 (0.75)	20	0.22 (1.35)	36	−0.43 (1.23)	.069
CTB Comp	8	−0.38 (0.71)	10	−0.56 (0.94)	19	−0.97 (1.17)	.384

^aOne-way ANOVA used for group comparisons. Post hoc comparisons performed with Tukey's honestly significant difference or Games–Howell tests.

*ANOVA significant, P ≤ .05; post hoc comparisons: HVLT-R TR (grade IV < III & grade IV < II), Digit Symbol (grade IV < grade III & grade II < grade III), COWA (grade IV < grade III & grade IV < grade II), Token (grade IV < grade III & grade IV < grade II), Naming (grade IV < grade III).