. 2014 Aug 13;17(3):440–447. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou162

Table 4.

Multivariate analysis of progression-free survival by tumor location

Predictor	Variable	HR	95% CI	P value
Supratentorial brain
Age at diagnosis^a	≥37 y	1
Age at diagnosis^a	<36 y	0.61	0.26–1.44	.258
Tumor grade	Grade II	1
Tumor grade	Grade III	2.21	0.89–5.48	.086
Initial treatment*^,b	GTR	1
	STR	1.49	0.17–12.75	.718
	STR + radiation	5.38	1.78–16.26	.003
	GTR + radiation	1.39	0.5–3.67	.506
Infratentorial brain^c
Age at diagnosis	≥48 y	1
Age at diagnosis	<47 y	1.47	0.62–3.79	.384
Tumor grade*	Grade II	1
Tumor grade*	Grade III	7.30	1.30–29.34	.027
Initial treatment*^,b	GTR + radiation	1
	GTR	12.80	1.50–1690.44	.014
	STR	34.37	3.69–4658.06	<.001
	STR + radiation	12.12	1.32–1627.69	.023
Spine
Age at diagnosis	≥45 y	1
Age at diagnosis	≤44 y	2.93	0.95–9.05	.061
Tumor grade	Grade II	1
	Grade I	1.19	0.43–3.29	.742
	Grade III	1.94	0.39–9.64	.416
Initial treatment*^,b	GTR	1
	STR	1.54	0.32–7.55	.592
	STR + radiation	5.01	1.84–13.69	.002
	GTR + radiation	3.84	0.46–32.10	.215

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GTR, Gross total resection followed by observation; GTR + radiation, gross total resection followed by radiation; HR, hazard ratio; STR, subtotal resection followed by observation; STR + radiation, subtotal resection followed by radiation.

^aBased on median age.

^bInitial treatment variable is categorized as gross total resection followed by observation, subtotal resection followed by observation, subtotal resection followed by radiation, and gross total resection followed by radiation.

^cwith Firth's penalized method.

*Significant at P < .05.