. 2014 Aug 18;17(3):383–391. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/nou169

Table 1.

Summary of the clinical and pathological characteristics of astrocytoma and healthy control serum samples

Variable	Preoperative										P Value^c	Postoperative
	Training Set					Validation Set
	Astrocytoma (n = 40)		Control (n = 50)		P Value^a	Astrocytoma (n = 50)		Control (n = 60)		P Value^b		Astrocytoma (n = 73)
	No.	%	No.	%		No.	%	No.	%			No.	%
Average age (years)	50.1 ± 13.1		49.2 ± 16.2		0.742^d	49.7 ± 13.8		49.1 ± 14.0		0.833 ^d	0.536 ^d	52.1 ± 14.3
Age (years)					0.850 ^e					0.848 ^e	0.850 ^e
≤50	20	50.0	26	52.0		26	52.0	29	48.3			35	47.9
>50	20	50.0	24	48.0		24	48.0	31	51.7			38	52.0
Sex					0.981 ^e					0.930 ^e	0.555 ^e
Male	19	47.5	25	50.0		28	56.0	32	53.3			36	49.3
Female	21	47.5	25	50.0		22	44.0	28	46.7			37	50.7
WHO grade											0.814 ^e
Diffuse astrocytoma (WHO grade II)	12	30.0				16	32.0					13	17.8
Anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III)	16	40.0				22	44.0					34	46.6
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV)	12	30.0				12	24.0					26	35.6
Follow-up
Alive	21	52.5				27	54.0				0.887 ^e
Dead	19	47.5				23	46.0
Mean survival time (months)	34.1 ± 6.8					28.2 ± 12.6

^aAstrocytoma samples from training set versus control samples from training set.

^bAstrocytoma samples from validation set versus control samples from validation set.

^cAstrocytoma samples from training set versus astrocytoma samples from validation set.

^dStudent t test.

^e2-sided λ² test.